Surgery is an option when medical treatment becomes less effective, or if volume reflux is a problem despite good control of acidic heartburn there is also a group who have troublesome respiratory symptoms (cough, wheeze, choking) which are only partially controlled by medication and postural measures. Gerd surgery nz. Previous extensive surgery around the oesophagus or stomach makes surgery more hazardous certain disorders such as spasm of the oesophagus can cause swallowing difficulties after surgery the most accurate way to diagnose these disorders is a test called "oesophageal manometry" which measures the pressures in the oesophagus while swallowing.
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